What do you mean, at a practical level, when you set out your "priority list" above? Are you referring to the use of congestion charges to discourage private motor vehicle use?
Not OP, but I don't think congestion charges are the most important part here. It's more about what type of infrastructure to prioritize resources and work for. Basically, the idea is that the town or city should not spend money on building parking, for example, and instead spend it on bike lanes, or two more busses, or some extension to the metro line.
It’s entirely dependent on the situation. Some areas, additional charges work best. In others, it’s possible/necessary to redesign road and street layouts to prioritise higher-density modes of transport and physically discourage low-density modes like cars. This might be priority lights for public transport, lowering speed limits and narrowing streets. In some contexts, it’s necessary to completely disallow cars with things like bus lanes, bike/pedestrian-only areas. Separated tram/metro lines, too.
Most of this infrastructure, in practice, also aids emergency vehicle use as they can usually fit down bike lanes and are obviously able to fit in bus lanes.
There's some muddiness in the terminology here -- OOP is really a design style, and "OOP languages" are generally imperative languages that have sematics that encourage OOP design. It is very possible, even encouraged, to represent state as "Objects" in many functional languages; it's just not really enforced by the language itself.
A good example of this are the object systems in Scheme and Common Lisp (which are less strictly Functional (note the capital F in that word) then something like Haskell).
I asked mainly because of the terminology. I read the primer of how to code OOP in plain C about a decade ago, so I knew that the paradigm definitely can be applied to “non OOP languages”, but I wasn’t sure whether the term “functional programming” allows this or not for some obscure academic reasons. How I coded when I encountered Haskell the first time, I would say it’s definitely possible, but I think, there are some features in Haskell which can be used to break pure functional programming, and if those are not considered FP, then who knows. But I used Haskell the last time a few years ago, so my memory is definitely not clear.
Gilad Bracha talks about how they're not mutually exclusive concepts, and I mostly agree (OOP can have tailcall recursion and first order functions for example). But, the philosophy seems very different: functional programming is "standing above" the data, where you have visibility at all times, and do transformations on the data. OOP is much more about encapsulation, where you "send a message" to an object, and it does its own thing. So you could totally write OOP code where you provide some core data structures that you run operations on, but in practice encapsulation encourages hiding internal data.
Though on further thought, may be this isn't FP vs OOP, because C has a similar approach of "standing above", and C is the hallmark imperative language.
Scala has been that for decades. They are not opposing paradigms. (In fact, mutability has a few edge cases that doesn't play nicely with OOP to begin with)
I mean Scala kind of does both (and then some). I'm not sure I would call it an OOP language, but you can sure write the same gross Java enterprise bloatware in Scala too if you want.
So if you look at money, education etc basically the south of Dublin is incredibly rich relative to the rest of the country. It tends to be where much of the media and business interests of the country are focused, and you never see (for example) a Traveller halting site, or an immigration centre being set up there. Whereas, if you look at a place like Tallaght (which to be fair is also south dublin) you'll see worse services, and lots of immigration centres.
It's a comment on the geographical inequalities and their impact on politics.
Don't get me wrong, I live in a similar Northside enclave, but it's really upsetting to me that much of the media and political elite live in bubbles where they don't see the consequences of their (bad) decisions.
Well, those are common talking points in some quarters, but I can tell you they're false, because I live in a southside suburb, the kind of place that journalists describe as "leafy". For the last couple of years, a large immigration centre has been operating a kilometer and a half away from my house. (You haven't heard of it because there were no protests about it.) There's a halting site located a kilometer away from me in the other direction.
Is the system perfect? No, of course not. But the Us vs Them polemics are unfair.
> Is the system perfect? No, of course not. But the Us vs Them polemics are unfair.
Fair enough, I recognise that I may have been unfair to many residents of South Dublin in my generalisation. That being said, there is a really common pattern of anything that inconveniences higher income voters being pushed into poorer areas.
For a good example, look at where all of the large apartment buildings are being actually built (as opposed to being judically reviewed). There's a pretty clear pattern of them being built in poorer areas relative to richer ones, and I guess that's where I'm coming from here.
Like, I live in a similarly leafy suburb (but on the Northside) and they wanted to build a set of high rise apartments on a junction next to the N3, and it was shut down with many angry comments. Meanwhile, over by Blanchardstown shopping centre (a much poorer area) they're building a similarly sized apartment block with local objections being steam-rollered.
One method for determining end of life for a disc is based on
the number of errors on a disc before the error correction occurs. The
chance of disc failure increases with the number of errors, but it is
impossible to define the number of errors in a disc that will absolute-
ly cause a performance problem (minor or catastrophic) because it
depends on the number of errors left, after error correction, and their
distribution within the data. When the number of errors (before error
correction) on a disc increases to a certain level, the chance of disc
failure, even if small, can be deemed unacceptable and thus signal
the disc’s end of life.
Manufacturers tend to use this premise to estimate media lon-
gevity. They test discs by using accelerated aging methodologies
with controlled extreme temperature and humidity influences over
a relatively short period of time. However, it is not always clear how
a manufacturer interprets its measurements for determining a disc’s
end of life. Among the manufacturers that have done testing, there
is consensus that, under recommended storage conditions, CD-R,
DVD-R, and DVD+R discs should have a life expectancy of 100 to
200 years or more; CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM
discs should have a life expectancy of 25 years or more. Little infor-
mation is available for CD-ROM and DVD-ROM discs (including
audio and video), resulting in an increased level of uncertainty for
their life expectancy. Expectations vary from 20 to 100 years for these
discs.
The author mentions his father's "$2000 computer", a figure has no impact in 2025, when $2,000 doesn't seem like a particularly large amount of money to have spent on a state of the art PC.
I'm of the opinion that writers should make it a habit in pieces like these to always include prices that have been adjusted for inflation. In this case, $2,000 corresponds to $6,731.61, which provides better context for the story.
In California, there certainly was. The US economy had already started its decline, but from such a high that well-to-do Americans hadn't noticed. By contrast, because Europe had had to be rebuilt after WWII, the general populace had benefitted far less from the postwar boom.
In 1982, my family had a relatively comfortable middle class existence, but buying a home computer that cost (at the time) about half as much as a one-bedroom apartment would have been absolutely unimaginable to my parents. The ZX81 they bought for me cost £99.
Well, some people needed it for work, or for university. Some people got it from work to be able to work at home. Others may have had experience with 8 bit machines and had money when the PC hit the stores.
My parents saved up for years and then kept the same computer for years more. It was normal to have a
machine for 10 years, and just one per household.
Upgrading with a hard disk, a second floppy drive, or upgrading the graphics card was common.
Sounds like you're getting it serviced by a BMW dealership? I take my PHEV 3-series to a local independent mechanic, and the entire cost is usually less than you're paying for oil alone. Also, because it's a hybrid, the road tax rate is very advantageous.
> How much did it cost to make the Beatles' albums? A piano, drums, a couple of guitars and salaries for 4 guys?
The Beatles did only take a few days to knock out each of their earliest LPs. However, per Wikipedia, "the group spent 700 hours on [Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]. The final cost [...] was approximately £25,000 (equivalent to £573,000 in 2023)."
So, actually, envelope-pushing cultural landmarks typically do require a lot of effort and money to complete.
Exactly. The membrane keyboards weren't aesthetic choices, they were one of a number of compromises that were necessary to achieve the price point set by Clive Sinclair. He intuited that a sub-£200 colour computer would sell in huge quantities, and he was right. My (middle class) parents couldn't countenance the cost of a Commodore 64, but they were prepared to buy me a ZX Spectrum.
Computers were a luxury item then, beside that lots of people had no idea what to do with one too. Only the most computer curious people would spend around $900 (inflation corrected) on a fancy calculator ;)
Interesting. Is there other research on this? How well tested is the mode?
It is something i have wondered about because proximity to the heat in the sea is clearly an important factor too, so i am interested. Surely the Gulf Stream must have some impact?
The article doesn’t say that the ocean is irrelevant just that it’s not the oceanic currents that dominate. The main thing is just having an ocean at all coupled with prevailing winds being west to east. Hence Seattle, which is mild but does not benefit from Gulf Stream like currents
Yes, I get that. To clarify I meant proximity to heat in the sea "stored" from warmer times of the year without the effect of the Gulf Stream is clearly an important factor.
Ireland's climate policies, whether adequate or inadequate, can have very little affect on the evolution of the AMOC, or any other large-scale climactic phenomenon. There are vastly more influential factors at play all around the world.
Inasmuch as it’s a country of five million people you are right in absolute terms, but considering the government’s shocked Pikachu face reaction to being held to the terms of an agreement Ireland signed up to it’s still a bit galling.
One of the best things Ireland could do is build lots of housing close to job centres so people don’t have to drive so far to work, or ideally can take public transport (or bike or walk)
It’s remarkable seeing people commute to Dublin from tullamore or even athlone.
Relying less on concrete would help too, wood construction seems to be getting more common at least.
